Another consequence of the above is that survey research measures variables, not whole persons, social structures, or cultural systems. It slices and dices reality into variables that can be correlated with each other; while it is important to measure the variable (or changing properties) of the social universe, variable analysis chops up reality in ways that are not amenable to theory testing. As noted above, the measure of social structure is self-reported on a questionnaire that uses an SES index; the measure of behavior is often what people say they do; the measure of cultural beliefs are a few items on a scale that has been factor analyzed (only aggravating the problem of chopping up reality in the interests of data collection). I am not saying that surveys are useless in theory-testing, because a theory may include cognitive dynamics that can be conveniently measured by a well-thought-out questionnaire. Yet, variable analysis typically breaks apart reality for the convenience of researchers and computerdriven statistical packages, and as it does so, it distorts reality. The end result is that it cannot test social processes and dynamics outlined in a theory.
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